Performance management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Execution the executives - Essay Example Studies have uncovered that the rearrangements procedure has created results that have not exclusively been clashing yet in addition questionable. Because of the inconveniences expressed above, Ferreira and Otley's figured the exhibition the executives system that plainly depicts the activity and structure of execution the executives framework. Analysts have underlined that to acquire exact outcomes that are fundamental in creating aptitudes and information on the executives execution, it is critical to utilize hypothetical establishments. Directors of an association need to choose sound hypotheses that will control them while breaking down execution of an association (Chapman, 2007p. 664). Execution the board approach for the most part includes numerous procedures that occur in an association. These procedures incorporate examination, estimation, control, and arranging. The instruments utilized in execution the board frameworks are formal and casual controls. The controls are normal ly reliant on the size of the association on the grounds that bigger firms utilize managerial controls (Margret, 2010 p. 210). Execution Management Framework by Otley’s In the year 1999, Otley built up a structure that was to give a rule in the investigation of the activities of the executives control frameworks. He concentrated on five zones that included distinguishing proof of the principle objectives of an association. ... The fourth region that Otley underscored was the ramifications of either accomplishing or neglecting to accomplish the objectives set in an association. Finally, he concentrated on observing the presentation of an association. Switches of Control structure Simons proposed the switches of control (LOC) system in the year 1995. These included convictions, limit, analytic and intelligent control frameworks (Simons, 1995:p177). Simons’ structure depended on four significant ideas particularly guiding principle, the dangers, the factors of basic execution and vital vulnerabilities. The conviction framework controls the fundamental beliefs while the dangers are controlled by the limit framework. The indicative control framework controls the basic execution factors. The fundamental capacity of the analytic control is to screen, evaluate and give rewards dependent on the various degrees of execution. In conclusion, the intelligent control framework directs the key vulnerabilities in a n organization. The switches of control structure have encouraged the investigation of the communication between limit frameworks and convictions (Collier, 2005:p321). The LOC structure was reprimanded due to its incongruence with the casual controls that exist in numerous associations (Hutzschenreuter, 2009 p.10). Be that as it may, the work of LOC system encourages the evaluation of the harmony among positive and negative controls (Ferreira, 2002: 053). The Performance Management Systems Structure The current systems had various constraints that provoked specialists to build up an all-encompassing structure. The broad structure features the principle parts of execution the board framework, and gives establishment to the improvement of further examinations. The presentation the executives framework concentrated on a few territories including association structure,

American Films and Hero

Whose name rings a bell when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A saint is an individual you appreciate, gaze upward to, and have regard for. A legend is somebody you need to transcript as a result of their activities and achievements. A legend is somebody we treasure, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My legend is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the terrible and harsh occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could bear my life. After all the errors I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. What's more, those occasions when I was grief stricken or befuddled insane, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to disclose to them everything about occurs in your life, and its absolutely impossible you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name strikes a chord when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A saint is an individual you appreciate, turn upward to, and have regard for. A saint is somebody you need to transcript in view of their activities and achievements. A legend is somebody we appreciate, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My saint is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the awful and harsh occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could persevere through my life. After all the errors I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. What's more, those occasions when I was devastated or confounded crazy, it was her who offered me guidance. There is n o other individual you can confide in enough to reveal to them everything about occurs in your life, and it is highly unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name strikes a chord when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A saint is an individual you appreciate, gaze upward to, and have regard for. A saint is somebody you need to transcript in light of their activities and achievements. A saint is somebody we appreciate, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My saint is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the terrible and harsh occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could persevere through my life. After all the errors I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. What's more, th ose occasions when I was devastated or befuddled crazy, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to reveal to them everything about occurs in your life, and it is highly unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name rings a bell when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A saint is an individual you appreciate, gaze upward to, and have regard for. A legend is somebody you need to transcript in light of their activities and achievements. A saint is somebody we value, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My saint is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the terrible and harsh occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could bear my life. After all the slip- ups I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. Furthermore, those occasions when I was grief stricken or confounded insane, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to reveal to them everything about occurs in your life, and it is extremely unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.Whose name rings a bell when you hear the word â€Å"hero. † A legend is an individual you appreciate, gaze upward to, and have regard for. A saint is somebody you need to transcript due to their activities and achievements. A legend is somebody we love, similar to our first teddy bear when we were youthful. My saint is my mother. I’ve been in this world for a long time at this point and everything I can say is that I thank god for making the ladies that made me that I can rely upon whenever and call my mom.After all the terrible and unpleasant occasions, put downs and fall downs I experienced; there was just a single individual that could persevere through my life. After all the errors I've done through the previous years, it was her who got me out. Furthermore, those occasions when I was grief stricken or confounded crazy, it was her who offered me guidance. There is no other individual you can confide in enough to disclose to them everything about occurs in your life, and it is extremely unlikely you can discover somebody that would think about you like a mother would.

Virginia Techs Commencement

Virginia Tech’s Commencement As Virginia Tech held its Commencement recently, the media once again started using the c word, closure, the all too convenient word people use about moving on. Closure has become an amazingly overused word in the face of tragic events, giving those who observe from afar a word for what others should do in the face of tragedy. Whether thinking about Oklahoma City, the events of September 11th or Virginia Tech, the closure word shows up constantly in our language. But perhaps closure is the wrong goal. It suggests that we get over it while the only goal you can really have is to get used to it. Perhaps this is why time is a major ingredient in healing. I have always had a gut feeling that the whole closure thing was wrong, but it wasnt until I heard Ed Linethals talk The Predicament of Aftermath: Reflections on 9-11 and Oklahoma City that I understood the human reactions toward trauma and memorialization and the complex issues around dealing with a huge tragedy. Linenthal is Professor of History at Indiana University, Editor of the Journal of American History, and author of The Unfinished Bombing: Oklahoma City in American Memory. In the past five years, I have watched all 429 videos that are published on MIT World, however no talk has influenced me more or stayed in my consciousness as much as this talk. Ed Linenthal has enabled many to understand the human response to tragic events and the impulse to memorialize innocent victims of horrific events. He documents with incredible insight and compassion, the unsolicited memorial response to the Oklahoma City bombing and details the development of what became the Field of Empty Chairs and other memorials at the bombing site. This talk was one of 13 of The Resilient City series sponsored by the Joint Program in City Design and Development, the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, and the School of Architecture at MIT. This is an incredibly insightful talk. I first watched it in 2002, and have watched it several times since. His deeper understanding of the human dimensions of memorial responses has given me a way to think, now about Virginia Tech, as it did during the year following September 11th.

Example Translation Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1946 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Translation from a major language into a minor one is very different from translating in the opposite direction. Introduction It has been suggested that minority languages are not even acknowledged in many parts of the world, and where acknowledgement does exist they are defined as uncultured, primitive,simple dialects because they have been suppressed by the more dominant,official languages. Lotman and Uspensky believe the structure of language must be at the centre of every culture for it to survive, describing languages the heart within the body of culture and putting into perspective the distinctions between a language accepted as minor, and that which is a flourishing major language (Lotman and Uspensky 1978, Pages 211 32). Research into minor languages, however, reveals a taxonomic sophistication that adequately expressed its speakers cognitive requirements synchronically, but has not evolved adequately to incorporate the plethora of technological terminology that dominant languages encompass with relative ease, resulting in many loan words taken from the influence of adjacent major languages . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Translation Essay" essay for you Create order Many minor languages die out as their speakers age, but some undergo a revival as enthusiasts propound the benefits of their continued value. The fundamental difficulty within many of the minority languages today, however, continues to be one often minology, described asa semiotic science of cognitive and communicative organisation of knowledge (Myking, 1997) and considered to be the central discipline or the common denominator for all the aspects of a translators work (Holljen, Translation Journal, 1999, January). Most minority languages are often not particularly suited to adequate translation in terms of modern concepts and technologies and are more inclined towards maintaining the socio-linguistic aspects associated with those languages, as recognised by Holljen: The scientific aspect of any languages dependent on the vocabulary of that language. The possibility must be retained for people to be able to express themselves in any given field in their mother tongue, no matter on which level of abstraction ( Holljen, Translation Journal, 1999,January). Some of these minority language groups, such as the Nordic languages, are now utilising language planning techniques to standardise their natural languages rather than indiscriminately incorporating loan words from technically advanced languages such as English. As a result, NORDTERM has spearheaded the campaign for a standardisation procedure across Finland, Norway and Sweden, designated the Nordic Terminological Record Format (Holljen, Translation Journal, 1999,January), supported by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages to protect and support historical, regional and minority languages in Europe (Part I, Article 1, Council of Europe, https://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN.htm). Discussion We cannot yet specify satisfactorily just what we mean by a perfect language (Aitchison,1991, pp. 214) Toury noted that Translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions (Toury 1978:200). Nida concurred, adding that, if the cultural and linguistic disparity was particularly great the socio-linguistic facet would be more of a problem (Nida, 1964, Page 130). The potential difficulties in translating major languages into minor languages can be illustrated through the concept of the space of possibilities upon which utterances based on context provide a background for semantic representations of inferred language that might be spoken or, equally, left unspoken and from which linguistic form triggers interpretation rather than conveying information (Winograd and Flores 1986, p.57), contributing to external influences which, with memorised sequences and pre-cognitive learning (Gutt,1991, p.26), can all be attributed to a meanings intertextuality, or all pervasive textual phenomenon (Hatim, 1997a, Page 29). Newmark identifies cultural,technical or linguistic disparity that might require a translator to add extra information to maintain intelligibility (Newmark, 1988, Page 91) whilst Hatim considers inter textual information provides the various textual clues(Hatim, 1997b, Page 200). A translator initially needs to identify inter textual markers and then evaluate the implications for understanding by the target audience when translated, particularly difficult in cases of extreme cultural diversity, or implicates in Bakers terminology (1992, Pages 71 77).Baker suggests translators may attempt literal translation, cultural substitution, elaboration and explication, translation by omission or transliteration through retaining the source language within parts of the text. Hatim and Masons model of context takes into account the context of culture with its aspects of ideology and sets of values (Caldas-Coulthard, 2000a, Page 2), reinforced by Hoeys connective pattern which highlights the more predominant points due to paradigmatic and syntagmatic properties of lexical priming (Hoey, 1991: 82), established in the West Greenlandic language, or kalaallit oqaasii (or kalaallisut) (Petersen,in Collis, 1990: 294), through the highly developed inflectional use of nominal and verbal paradigms (Fortescue, in Collis, 1990: 309) and which, with its spelling and pronunciation alterations being contingent upon grammatical and lexical requirements, provides an excellent illustration. West Greenlandic is a deeply inflected, polysynthetic language, heavily influenced and dependent upon the concepts of theme and rhyme, and reliant on the positions of Subject and Object to develop an adequate semantic and pragmatic morphology (Fortescue,in Collis, 1990: 309). The resource [for] making meaning (Gerot and Wignell, 1995: 6) is notably, in West Greenlandic,realised through a ver y long string of words built up from bases and associated affixes whose meanings describe, very adequately, the sparse surrounding landscapes in very accurate and specific terms, less appropriate, however, for evolving technology. These inter textual messages are a necessary precondition for the intelligibility of texts (Hatim and Mason, 1997, Page 219) without which only partial understanding could possibly be achieved. Inter textual reference provides a semiotic approach which can link previous text to define tenuous meanings although precedence should be intentionality over informational content (Hatim and Mason, 1990, Page 136) maintaining semiotic status and lexical devices in terms of cohesion and coherence to ensure that translation continues to make sense, retains its original tone/voice and engages the intended response from the target reader. Sapir recognised the disparity between individuals cognitive environments, commenting that No two languages are ever sufficie ntly similar to be considered as representing the same social reality (Sapir, 1956, Page 69). This recognition that translation is not just a transfer of information between languages, but a transfer from one culture to another (Hervey et al, 1995, Page 20)controversially requires translators to acquire adequate understanding and empathy of a particular culture to enable the necessary inter textual cues to be recognised and available for transfer into language use. Modern German has sixteen forms for reiten, whereas Old English had thirteen forms of ridan'[both meaning to ride] (Coates, 2004). Over time these inflections became lost which added to the flexibility of language used, e.g. nominalisation;additions of pre- or -suffixes, and word-blending, e.g. the Norse word rein meaning deer added to the Old English word deer meaning animal giving a literal meaning deer-animal. Evidence of this concept is still apparent in the innumerable lexemes associated with the concept of sno w in West Greenlandic The vastly controversial Sapir-Whorf hypothesis also recognises these constraints that can be placed on communications within the concepts of cognitive experiences, according to principles of linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity, with subscription to language being utilised in order to discern differences between agents. Lexicaland grammatical devices add to the flexibility of language used, e.g. nominalisation, with additions such as suffixes or post-bases, inflectional endings and portmanteau verbs contributing to the rich diversity of this languages morph-syntactic adaptability. Strong determinism associated with the Arctic traditions evolved from mans close proximity to nature which, in turn, shaped their concept of language realised through cognitive thought (Maclean,in Collis, 1990: 164). The difficulty in translation, however, occurs through the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis which acknowledges everyday word usage taking a rather flexible p osition in a typical Kalaallit sentence, with markers to identify their relation to other lexemes (Maclean, in Collis, 1990: 164).These Kalaallit characteristics can be explained through the theory of reference in relation to the semantic relation between an element in the text and some other element that is crucial to the interpretation of it(Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 8), with lexical priming (Crystal, 2003:162) providing the cohesion that displays an expectancy relations between words (Eggins, 1994: 101) in accordance with Nunans model whereby randomsentences are distinguished[through] the existence of certain text-forming, cohesive devices (Nunan, 1993: 59). West Greenlandic relies on the static nature of word-internal morphemes. If their order was changed, the utterance would lose its full impetus and implications. The implications of local and global meanings are revealed through code-switching, i.e. switching the positions of over 400 post-bases and 300 inflectional en dings to achieve con notational and denotational meanings, the signals for retrieval'(Caldas-Coulthard, 2000: 5) which can be demonstrated through reference in the form of an exophoric or endophoric context within an utterance where cohesion lies in the continuity of reference (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 31). The syntax of this language reveals a major problem when translating languages such as Kalallit into major languages. Fortes cue suggests that A particularly characteristic trait of the language is the re cursiveness of its morphologyitsword-order is fairly free; it is a non-configurational language (citedin Collis, 1990: 311) resulting in a global freedom which can, conversely create a strong cohesive bond between lexical items[that]cohere with a preceding occurrence even with different referents (Haliday andHasan, 1976: 283), a feature Hoey describes as the study of patterns of lexis in text (Hoey, 1991: 10). Stoddard explained the coherence factor exhibited through cohesive devices whichmight be expected to occur most frequently might also be expected to exhibit the most fruitful network patterns[and the] types of cohesion which are global in nature might be expected to exhibit the most common patterns (Stoddard, 1991: 32), especially pertinent to the syntax of Kalaallit. A particularly interesting concept in translation that reveals the ethos between translating from any minor languageinto a major language and vice versa is the translation of poetry, recognised by Bassnett (1991, Page 101) who describes a gulf between cultures through distance in time and space. Thai poetry, for example, reveals the representation of jai, or mind of the writer, lacking appropriate morphemes to provide a suitable translation, explained as just pretty words, nice sounds to show you that the words are feeling words (Conlon,2005). The translator needs to decide whether to maintain the ethos of the target language, or to aim for literary significance, desc ribed by Bassnett as modernisation as opposed to archaisation (Bassnett, 1991), or to follow Lukes principle of maintaining comprehensibility by providing a chain of signifier in the target language (Luke and Vaget, 1988: 121). Conclusion This essay focused on the difficulties associated with translation from a major language into a minor one which is a very different concept from translating in the opposite direction for various reasons, not least the differences between cultures[which] may cause more severe complications for the translator than do differences in language structure (Nida, 1964:130). The socio-linguistic aspects of translation are more profound when a major language is being translated into aminor one, evidence of which can be observed through the cognitive-conceptual significance of Kalaallit which, together with its specific connotation and denotation, is directly associated with their dependence upon survival in an inhospitable terrain. This factor has contributed to the highly specialised differentiation of its morphological characteristic, utilising a switch-reference system in preference to the development of a more syntactic-based language (Petersen, in Collis, 1990: 294), a feature that is often present in minor languages through the dependence of their speakers on ever-changing features of the landscape for survival, requiring an awareness of language planning according to Holljen (1999, January, Translation Journal). Whilst there are various difficulties associated with translating from a minor language to a major one, these are mainly represented through expressing elusive cognitive meanings into these mantics of more prosaic terminology. However, major languages are representative of fairly well documented cultures whose ways of life, whilst not necessarily familiar, do not represent totally unknown and incomprehensible traditions and, coupled with well-established linguistic understanding, makes the task of translating an abstract concept from a minor language less arduous than attempting to establish sufficient empathy to adapt technological terminology from a major language into a more fundamental vocabulary.

Essay Judo Economics - 1758 Words

PROBLEM SET # 3 JUDO ECONOMICS The Problem is premised on the following phased structure; | Decision Maker | Decisions To Be Made | Stage 1 | Entrant | Whether to enter or opt out | Stage 2 | Entrant | Set up the price(Pe) and the number of target customers(T) | Stage 3 | Incumbent | Whether to fight or accommodate; 1) Price war 2) Set up the price for remaining customers (100-T) | Stage 4 | Buyer | Consumers buy from whoever offers them the highest surplus. There is no cost to capacity. | The Entrant’s strategy in Q No.1-3 have been chalked out through the technique of â€Å"looking forward and reasoning backward† i .e. in the light of what the other party namely Incumbent may do under different circumstances QUESTION 1:†¦show more content†¦And the maximum payoff (as per [3] above) for serving 50 customers will be (150 – 100) x 50= $2500. QUESTION 2: ASSUMPTIONS: * Each buyer is willing to pay $200 for one unit of the Incumbent’s (I) AND $160 for the Entrant’s (E) product * I and E have a $100 and $120 unit cost respectively * In view of Stage 2, only buyers targeted by the Entrant can buy there from while the rest can only purchase from the Incumbent. POSSIBLE SCENARIOS * If the Entrant opts not to enter * Entrant may save a nominal, irrecoverable entry cost but the payoff will be 0. * The Incumbent will reap the entire profit which will be (200 – 100) x 100 = $10000 * If the Entrant does enter two possibilities; accommodation or price war * If the Incumbent opts to fight, it may benefit from the Entrant’s higher unit cost and therefore still capture the entire market though at less profit margin. Since the willingness to pay for the Incumbent is $40 more than that for the Entrant, the former can fix any price at 40 more than whichever price fixed by the Entrant. So for any price fixed by the Entrant (Pe),the Incumbent’s price will be given by, Pi = Pe + 40 ∠i = (Pe + 40 – C) x 100 ∠i = (Pe + 40 - 100) x 100 = 100 x Pe –6,000 -------------------- [1] * Opt to accommodate the incumbent the target of the Incumbent will just 100-T customers.Show MoreRelatedPromoting Judo to Tier A Elite Sport in Hong Kong Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagessports, for instance, Judo, soccer and basketball. The issue of whether Judo should be included in Hong Kong Elite Sports (Tier A) has been discussed for several years among scholars and universities in Hong Kong. Despite strong objection from HKSI, however, Judo should be included in the Hong Kong Elite Sports (Tier A), for it brings advantages to the spreading of Judo spirit, intensifies support for elite Judo athletes and the HKSI, and promotes Hong Kong’s economic growth. â€Å"Judo for all† has beenRead MoreBrazil Sports - An Important Part of Brazilian Culture2813 Words   |  12 Pageshe seventh largest economy in the world and is expected to rise to fifth within the next several years (Brazil: Economy, 2011). The country focuses on economic growth and poverty through: sound fiscal management, inflation control, investing, exporting and a floating exchange rate. 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They key to itRead MoreInternational Journal of Business and Social Science9147 Words   |  37 PagesStrategies Offensive Strategies ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § Launch a frontal attack Launch a flanking attack Launch a guerrilla attack Engage in strategic encirclement Engage in predatory strategy Seek undefended markets Engage in underdog strategy Engage in Judo strategy Engage in the pivot and the hammer strategy 3.1 Launch a Frontal Attack Frontal attack is an offensive strategy that involves attacking a competitor head-on. Frontal attacks can be pure frontal attacks by going after the customers of theRead MoreAn X-Ray of Japan1574 Words   |  6 Pages The autumn in Japan, from September to November, Light breezes and cooler temperatures of around 46 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit are experienced. Sports in Japan consist of Sumo, Kendo, Aikido, Judo and Karate. Sumo wrestling is Japan’s national sport. 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Freedom Of Expression Is Protected By Article 10 Of The...

1 INTRODUCTION ‘Any restraint on press freedom is a risk to freedom and democracy itself.’ Despite this there are many restraints the press face; when defaming a person, reporting from the Youth Court, reporting previous convictions if in contempt of court, inter alias. This paper will focus on the Leveson Inquiry and the controversy which led to the inquiry itself. In particular, it will evaluate the consequences to a democratic society by implementing the restrictions recommended by the Leveson Report, and the supposed disregard for public interest. 2 EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Freedom of expression is protected by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Speech is inclusive of freedom of expression.†¦show more content†¦The Information Commission Office (ICO) has expressed that ‘â€Å"both privacy and freedom of expression are of special importance in a democratic society, and neither consideration automatically trumps the other.’ A conundrum arises when balancing the contradicting rights. The UK has a reputation for protecting individuals privacy, as seen in Douglas v Hello. On the contrary, there is also an ‘extraordinary protection’ afforded to freedom of expression in the UK, especially to the Press. There is now a well established test derived from Campbell, in which one must reasonably expect privacy. PRIVACY 3 THE LEVESON INQUIRY In 2011, Lord Justice Brian Leveson carried out a 16 month inquiry into the Culture, Practices and Ethics of the British Press, as ordered by Prime Minister David Cameron under the Inquiry Act 2005. This became widely known as ‘The Leveson Inquiry’. The inquiry was a result of the preceding phone hacking scandals from the News of the World, into both celebrities and victims such as Mollie Dowler. The inquiry, whilst being deeply intrusive into the businesses practices and attitudes of the press, highlighted the issue of newspapers breaching phone owners’ private lives, often not public figures. The phone hacking was an offence in itself under Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA), and journalists such as Clive Goodman were arrested and sentenced to

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice free essay sample

Patient confidentiality is essential in developing a trusting relationship between a healthcare worker and the patient. Confidentiality means that the patients personal and medical information that is given to a health care provider will not be disclosed to others unless the patient has given permission for the information to be released (Confidentiality, 2014). There are situations where a breach of confidentiality may occur and is acceptable. These situations include information when an individual has been diagnosed with a specific disease, such as Tuberculosis or an injury, such as a gunshot wound. Other situations may be when there is evidence that the patient may cause harm to himself or others. The nursing profession is one that promises to abide by the laws of patient confidentiality. Protecting the patients’ rights is guaranteed by both common law-which is the decisions of the courts, and statute law-which is passed by Parliament (O’Dowd, 2014). This commitment to the patient helps preserve high quality care for that patient, as disclosing important information between the patient and nurse, is essential for the patient to receive the appropriate medical care. We will write a custom essay sample on Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Patients put their trust into the nurse, as they expect the nurse to respect their privacy, when that trust is broken, the relationship between the nurse and patient declines. Losing the trust is one of the ethical implications that may occur when a breach of confidentiality occurs. Other ethical implications that can occur are disciplinary action by the employer, disciplinary proceedings under the health professionals regulatory statute, and a fine may be imposed (Patient Confidentiality, n. d. ). Pamela G. Nathanson wrote an article in reference to an episode of NBC’s ER which reveals an ER nurse who faces an ethical dilemma in regards to patient confidentiality. The ER nurse has made a promise to two fourteen year old girls that she will not disclose any medical information to their parents. The girls trust the nurse that she will keep her promise; therefore, they disclose their personal concerns. One of the girls test positive for a serious medical condition, at this point, the ER nurse has reached an ethical dilemma. She needs to make an ethical decision as to whether or not she should disclose the information to the young girls’ parents. In this situation, the ER nurse has made the appropriate decision to have a breach of confidentiality and inform the young girls’ parents of their daughters’ medical condition. In understanding ethical theories and/or ethical principles, this has assisted the ER nurse in making the correct decision. Ethical theories and principles guide individuals in making decisions. When using ethical theories to determine an appropriate decision, the theory must be directed towards a common set of goals, which are ethical principles (Rainbow, 2002). The ER nurses’ goal is to ensure that the young girl receives the appropriate medical treatment for her condition. Ethical principles that can relate to this situation are beneficence, which is to do what is good and least harm, which is to do the least harm to an individual. In looking at ethical theories, using Deontology and Utilitarianism is useful in that Deontology relates to the nurses obligations and duties to disclose the information and Utilitarianism relates to being able to foresee the consequences of actions if the information is not disclosed. A utilitarian looks at what is the greatest benefit for that individual (Rainbow, 2002). When an individual is confronted with an ethical dilemma, using an ethical-decision making model is useful. This type of model assists in breaking down all the facts and individuals’ involved in the dilemma and helps to develop possible alternatives to address the dilemma. It guides ones’ decision making from an objective, cognitive perspective, rather than an emotional perspective (GCU, 2014). In the article discussed, the ER nurse can incorporate an ethical-decision making model to make the most appropriate decision. First is to address who is involved and what the actual dilemma entails and identify the ethical dilemma. Next, she can look at the situation at hand and determine how her own personal values see this issue and determine what alternatives can be used to help resolve the dilemma. Once the alternative actions are decided upon, the ER nurse can look at each one and decide if they conflict with her own personal values. If so, she may need to get another health care provider involved to eliminate any biases. In the article, the nurse is advised by the physician that the girls’ parents need to be informed; therefore, guiding her into making the appropriate decision. The next step is to prioritize the acceptable alternatives from most acceptable to least acceptable. The alternatives in the articles dilemma can be 1). The young girl informing her parents herself. The implication with this alternative is that most likely she will not inform her parents. 2). The nurse informing the parents of their daughters medical condition. The implication here is that the patient will not feel she can trust the nurse; however, by choosing this alternative, the decision is in the best interest of the child and 3). Not disclosing information at all. The implications here is that the minor child will not receive the appropriate care needed which will cause further harm. The significance in using this model is to ensure that the appropriate ethical decision is made. Ethics committees are available as well to assist and guide when ethical dilemmas occur. In regards to the article, an ethical committee can discuss the alternatives and make recommendations, still keeping in line with the patients’ rights. These committees focus on issues of morality, patient autonomy, legislation, and states’ interest. They have a significant influence on decision making and the power to influence a judge or jury (GCU, 2014). Ethical dilemmas will always be in a health care professionals’ daily work. Using ethical theories and principles will guide health care professionals in making the most appropriate ethical decision. Following these theories and principles will ensure that the patient is receiving the best quality care that they deserve. References